Related Publications

• What Can Different Measures Tell Us About the Quality of the Teacher Workforce?

  This CALDER research brief builds on pioneering research by the Measures of Effective Teaching Project (Kane et al., 2013) and Jackson (2018) to...

• Special Education Personnel Attrition in Pennsylvania

  We used longitudinal staffing data from Pennsylvania to explore differences in special education personnel attrition across personnel categories,...

• The Special Education Teacher Pipeline in Pennsylvania: Year 2 Report

  This report provides formative data about the implementation of projects associated with the Pennsylvania Bureau of Special Education’s Attract,...

• Special Education Identification Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic

  We analyze student-level data on elementary special education identification in Washington state to explore how identification rates changed...

• Special Education Identification Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic

  We analyze student-level data on elementary special education identification in Washington state to explore how identification rates changed...

• Four Years of Pandemic-Era Emergency Licenses: Retention and Effectiveness of Emergency-Licensed Massachusetts Teachers Over Time

  Most states responded to the onset of the pandemic by temporarily granting teachers Emergency licenses. These licenses allowed teachers to work in...

• Four Years of Pandemic-Era Emergency Licenses: Retention and Effectiveness of Emergency-Licensed Massachusetts Teachers Over Time

  Most states responded to the onset of the pandemic by temporarily granting teachers Emergency licenses. These licenses allowed teachers to work in...

• ESSER Funding and School System Jobs: Evidence from Job Posting Data

  The Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund (ESSER) was the largest one-time federal investment in K–12 schools in history,...

• Shaping the STEM Teacher Workforce: What University Faculty Value about Teacher Applicants

  Who ends up in the teacher workforce is greatly influenced by who is admitted into teacher education programs (TEPs).

• Misalignments Between Student Teaching Placements and Initial Teaching Positions: Implications for the Early-Career Attrition of Special Education Teachers

  Graduates of special education teacher education programs can teach in a range of special education settings, raising the potential that their...

• The Impact of a $10,000 Bonus on Special Education Teacher Shortages in Hawai‘i

  We study the impact of a bonus policy implemented by Hawai‘i Public Schools starting in fall 2020 that raised the salaries of all special...

• The Special Education Teacher Pipeline in Pennsylvania: Year 1 Report

  This report provides data about the special education teacher pipeline in Pennsylvania and projects associated with the Pennsylvania Bureau of...

• The Long and Winding Road: Mapping the College and Employment Pathways to Teacher Education Program Completion in Washington State

  Nationally, more than 75% of individuals who are credentialed to teach are prepared in traditional college- or university-based teacher education...

• Attention to Equity in Teacher Education Admissions Processes

  This study investigated the underexplored topic of teacher preparation program admissions processes by interviewing faculty and analyzing program...

• Faculty Perspectives and Values Toward Mathematics and Science Content Information Used in Teacher Preparation Admissions Processes

  This qualitative study examines the information collected about applicants to mathematics or science teacher preparation programs (MSTPPs) and how...

• National Board Certification as a Signal of Cooperating Teacher Quality

  Prior research has connected characteristics of cooperating teachers who supervise student teaching to performance measures of the teacher...

• How to Measure a Teacher: The Influence of Test and Nontest Value-Added on Long-Run Student Outcomes

  This paper examines how different measures of teacher quality are related to students’ long-run educational trajectories. We estimate teachers’...

• A Descriptive Portrait of the Paraeducator Workforce in Washington State

  We use over 25 years of longitudinal data from Washington state to provide a descriptive portrait of the paraeducator workforce in the state....

• What Do Teacher Job Postings Tell Us about School Hiring Needs and Equity?

  Several decades of research using school administrative data show that teacher quality is inequitably distributed across schools. But these...

• How Did It Get This Way? Disentangling the Sources of Teacher Quality Gaps Through Agent-Based Modeling

  We use publicly available, longitudinal data from Washington state to study the extent to which three interrelated processes—teacher attrition...

• Teacher Turnover Three Years into the Pandemic Era: Evidence from Washington State

  Three years into the COVID-19 pandemic era, concerns about teacher turnover and teacher shortages remain at the top of the education agenda.

• CTE Teachers and Non-Test Outcomes for Students With and Without Disabilities

  We use data on high school students and teachers from Washington state to connect the observable characteristics of career and technical education...

• CTE Teachers and Non-Test Outcomes for Students With and Without Disabilities

  We use data on high school students and teachers from Washington state to connect the observable characteristics of career and technical education...

• Teachers and School Climate: Effects on Student Outcomes and Academic Disparities

  Student-teacher relationships are at the core of student experiences in schools and, arguably, fundamental to influencing student outcomes. Using...

• School District Job Postings and Staffing Challenges Throughout the Second School Year During the COVID-19 Pandemic

  We describe the extent and predictors of staffing challenges faced by school districts in Washington state throughout the 2021–22 school year...

• Out of the Gate, but Not Necessarily Teaching: A Descriptive Portrait of Early-Career Earnings for Those Who Are Credentialed to Teach

  Prior work on teacher candidates in Washington State has shown that about two thirds of individuals who trained to become teachers between 2005...

• New Evidence on Special Education Teacher Preparation

  Two recent CALDER studies published in Exceptional Children provide new evidence about special education teacher preparation and its implications...

• Teacher Attrition and Mobility in the Pandemic

  In this flash brief, we frame the magnitude of teacher attrition during the pandemic, including from the 2020–2021 school year to the 2021–22...

• CALDER Explainers: Re-Framing the Discussion about Teacher Education

  CALDER Policy Brief 2-0116-1

  This CALDER Explainer reviews empirical evidence about the relationship between specific aspects of...

• Missing Elements in the Discussion of Teacher Shortages

  CALDER Policy Brief No. 3-1116-1

• Examining the Dimensions of Teacher Turnover

  CALDER Policy Brief No. 24-0421

  "Sometimes a Simple Analysis Tells the Story"

• Re-Thinking the Geography of Student Teaching Placements in a Post-COVID World

  CALDER Policy Brief No. 22-0221

• The COVID-19 Crisis and Teacher Layoffs: Research on How to Mitigate Harm

  CALDER Policy Brief No. 20-0620

  One of the unfortunate consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the sharp downturn in tax...

• Making the Most of Student Teaching: The Importance of Mentors and Scope for Change

  A growing literature documents the importance of student teaching placements for teacher development. Emerging evidence from this literature...

• Career and Technical Education for Students with Disabilities

  CALDER Policy Brief No. 6-0918-1

• The Front End of the STEM Teacher Pipeline: Early Career STEM Teachers' Field Experiences and Perceptions of Preparation

  A growing quantitative literature finds evidence that student teaching placements predict later outcomes of teacher candidates and their students...

• Special Education Teacher Preparation, Literacy Instructional Alignment, and Reading Achievement for Students with High-Incidence Disabilities

  We used survey and administrative data from Washington State to assess the degree to which special education teacher preparation, district...

• Lost to the System? A Descriptive Exploration of Where Teacher Candidates Find Employment and How Much They Earn

  We use data on over 14,000 teacher candidates in Washington state, merged with employment data from the state’s public schools and Unemployment...

• State Ratings of Educator Preparation Programs: Connecting Program Review to Teacher Effectiveness

  States are responsible for setting and evaluating the standards that teacher preparation programs (TPPs) must meet for accreditation. Despite the...

• Front End to Back End: Teacher Preparation, Workforce Entry, and Attrition

  We use a novel database of over 15,000 teacher candidates from 15 teacher education programs in Washington state to investigate the connections...

• Teacher Licensure Tests: Barrier or Predictive Tool?

  We use teacher candidate test scores on the Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL), linked to student and teacher outcomes in the state...

• The Special Education Teacher Pipeline: Teacher Preparation, Workforce Entry, and Retention

  We use data on the teacher preparation experiences and workforce outcomes of more than 1,300 graduates of special education teacher education...

• Student Teaching and the Geography of Teacher Shortages

  Prior research has shown that about 15% of teachers are hired into the same school in which they student taught, about 40% are hired into their...

• Sometimes Less, Sometimes More: Trends in Career and Technical Education Participation for Students With Disabilities

  We leverage nationally representative data and statewide data from Washington to investigate trends in occupational career and technical education...

• From the Clinical Experience to the Classroom: Assessing the Predictive Validity of the Massachusetts Candidate Assessment of Performance

  We evaluate the predictive validity of the Massachusetts Candidate Assessment of Performance (CAP), a practice-based assessment of teaching skills...

• Collective Bargaining and State-Level Reforms: Assessing Changes to the Restrictiveness of Collective Bargaining Agreements across Three States

  In many school districts the policies that regulate personnel are governed by collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) negotiated between teachers...

• How Did It Get This Way? Disentangling the Sources of Teacher Quality Gaps Across Two States

  We use longitudinal data from North Carolina and Washington to study the extent to which four processes—teacher attrition from each state...

• Effective Like Me? Does Having a More Productive Mentor Improve the Productivity of Mentees?

  We use a novel database of the preservice apprenticeships (“student teaching placements”) of teachers in Washington State to investigate the...

• Exploring the Impact of Student Teaching Apprenticeships on Student Achievement and Mentor Teachers

  We exploit within-teacher variation in the years that teachers host an apprentice (“student teacher”) in Washington State to estimate the causal...

• Teacher Candidate Apprenticeships: Assessing the Who and Where of Student Teaching

  We use comprehensive data on student teaching placements from 14 teacher education programs (TEPs) in Washington State to explore the sorting of...

• A Practical Guide to Challenges and Opportunities in Student Teaching: A School District’s Perspective

  A burgeoning literature investigates the importance of student teaching placements for teacher candidate development, but an important perspective...

• How the Match Gets Made: Exploring Student Teacher Placements Across Teacher Education Programs, Districts, and Schools

  Student teaching has long been considered the most important component of an effective teacher education program. Recently, new research is...

• High School English Language Arts Teachers and Postsecondary Outcomes for Students With and Without Disabilities

  We use longitudinal data on high school students in Washington State to assess the relationships between English Language Arts (ELA) teacher value...

• Performance Evaluations as a Measure of Teacher Effectiveness when Standards Differ: Accounting for Variation across Classrooms, Schools, and Districts

  We use statewide data from Massachusetts to investigate teacher performance evaluations as a measure of teaching effectiveness....

• Performance Evaluations as a Measure of Teacher Effectiveness when Standards Differ: Accounting for Variation across Classrooms, Schools, and Districts

  We use statewide data from Massachusetts to investigate teacher performance evaluations as a measure of teaching effectiveness....

• The Costs of Mentorship? Exploring Student Teaching Placements and Their Impact on Student Achievement

  We use comprehensive data on student teaching placements from 14 teacher education programs (TEPs) in Washington State to explore the sorting of...

• Teacher Quality Gaps and Student Outcomes: Assessing the Association Between Teacher Assignments and Student Math Test Scores and High School Course Taking

  We use panel data in Washington State to study the extent to which teacher assignments between fourth and eighth grade explain gaps between...

• Career and Technical Education, Inclusion, and Postsecondary Outcomes for Students With Disabilities

  We use longitudinal data on all high school students in Washington State, including postsecondary education and workforce outcomes, to investigate...

• Reconciling Different Estimates of Teacher Quality Gaps Based on Value Added

  This policy brief reviews evidence about the extent to which disadvantaged students are taught by teachers with lower value-added estimates of...

• Has It Always Been This Way? Tracing the Evolution of Teacher Quality Gaps in U.S. Public Schools

  There is mounting evidence of substantial “teacher quality gaps” (TQGs) between advantaged and disadvantaged students, but practically no...

• Evaluating Prospective Teachers: Testing the Predictive Validity of the edTPA (Update)

  We use longitudinal data from Washington State to provide estimates of the extent to which performance on the edTPA, a performance-based, subject-...

• What’s in a Teacher Test? Assessing the Relationship between Teacher Licensure Test Scores and Student Secondary STEM Achievement

  We investigate the relationship between teacher licensure test scores and student test achievement and high school course-taking. We focus on...

• Does the Match Matter? Exploring Whether Student Teaching Experiences Affect Teacher Effectiveness and Attrition

  We find that teachers who student taught in...

• A Foot in the Door: Exploring the Role of Student Teaching Assignments in Teachers’ Initial Job Placements

  We use data from Washington state to examine two distinct stages of the teacher pipeline: the placement of prospective teachers in student...

• Inconvenient Truth? Do Collective Bargaining Agreements Help Explain the Mobility of Teachers Within School Districts?

  We investigate patterns of teacher mobility in districts with different collective bargaining agreement (CBA) transfer provisions. We use detailed...